Art Forum XV Bienal de Sao Paulo
In the national-representation section standouts included Willie Doherty's two-screen video installation showing a suited fugitive running in an obscure tunnel that suggests a border zone (Doherty, a Northern Irish artist, was another winning selection, one that called into question the very idea of national representation) and Swiss artist Fabrice Gygi's observation tower with a mechanized elevator. (The theme of panoptic power was rather popular, in fact: On the same floor of the gallery--though not officially in the national-representation section--the Cuban collective Los Carpinteros offered an observation tower made of flimsy tentlike material. On opening night, when the champagne was flowing, I saw a woman ascend the tower's tall ladder only to fall down on her back with a thud, then get up and walk away. The installation is now off-limits.) And Russian artist Alexander Brodsky, listed as an "additional artist," presented a miniature city built inside rusted Dumpsters.
There was also an unusually large number of excellent exhibitors from somewhat less visible countries: Jun Nguyen-Hatsushiba, from Vietnam, who showed jarring videos of men furiously pulling rickshas underwater; Marran Gosov, from Bulgaria, who crammed himself into a small glass box in an endurance act of extreme corporeal discomfort; Lebanon native Nabil Nahas, known for his striking, colorful paintings of amoeba-like shapes; and the lately ubiquitous Anri Sala, from Albania (via France), whose video focused on the interaction of stray dogs and a lion in what looked like an abandoned zoo.
Hug's selection of significant metropolises was criticized in the local art press: New York, London, and Sao Paulo itself were obvious choices, and one can certainly make a case for Tokyo, Beijing, and Berlin as art capitals, but the inclusion of Istanbul, Sydney, Moscow, Caracas, and Johannesburg seemed motivated primarily by an idea of "types" of cultures spread out across the globe--an idea that is challenged by the sometimes violent commingling of cultures one typically finds in the contemporary city. It turns out that Hug had previously worked in Moscow, Caracas, and Johannesburg (as well as Lagos and Brasilia) and was familiar with the art scenes there. This is a forgivable shortcut, to be sure, and it did have the beneficial effect of highlighting what too often goes unnoticed (an active art scene in Caracas, for example), but the choice of these cities too closely limned Hug's rather unoriginal emphasis on economic power centers and biennial havens.
The art in some of these city sections was particularly strong. Berlin was well represented by Frank Thiel and Michael Wesely, both of whom showed large photographs that demonstrate the transformation of (and incipient topographic amnesia in) Germany's capital; the New York section featured Nancy Davenport s barely pre-9/11 terrorist fantasies and Sarah Morris's architecture-inflected paintings; Moscow's group included Boris Mikhailov's big color photographs of lumpen Muscovites; and Sao Paulo broke from the lockstep city-representation mode with Lina Kim's antiseptic white room installation and Vania Mignone's spare, cinematic paintings. But even more impressive was Hug's speculative "twelfth city," in which a dozen artists were asked to respond to "the design of a Utopia." This may have simply been a way to accommodate a spillover of talented artists from certain overrepresented cities and countries, but it worked: Projects ranged from the busy and wryly conceptual (Brazilian architects Isay Weinfeld and M arcio Kogan imagined a thoroughly militarized metropolis complete with armored bateaux mouches, an international bourse, and a refugee park) to the whimsical and elegant (American Sarah Sze's bright corner-hugging sculpture in her usual ready-at-hand materials stretched up several stories of the building, illuminating nuances of Niemeyer's structure). After seeing the work made by these artists, I couldn't help thinking that the idea of the utopian city might have been a more innovative organizing principle for the whole event.